Biology Final Benchmark
3 Study Guide 2013
Do NOT WRITE on this!
Ecology
Cell Biology
Genetics
Do NOT WRITE on this!
Ecology
- Explain how the length of a food
chain is limited. Unlike material (elements such as carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen), is not recycled in ecosystems. As the energy moves through the food web much of the energy is lost and only leaves 10% for each trophic level.
- Define: Emigration, immigration,
birthrate, and death rate-Demography is the study of the growth, change, and structure of the human population. Changes in a population's size and structure are caused by changes in the birthrate, the death rate, and the net migration rates. Demographic research focuses on why people have the number of children they do; on factors that affect death rates; and on the reasons for immigration, emigration, and geographic mobility. Understanding a society's demography is an essential tool in determining current and future public health needs.
- Explain how carbon cycle through the
biosphere?All living things are made of carbon. Carbon is also a part of the ocean, air, and even rocks. Because the Earth is a dynamic place, carbon does not stay still. It is on the move
- Explain how nitrogen cycle through
the biosphere?-Nitrogen is one of the elements most likely to be limiting to plant growth. lithosphere, and hydrosphere Unlike carbon, which is stored primarily in sedimentary rock, most nitrogen occurs in the atmosphere as an inorganic compound (N2).
- Why is photosynthesis important to
our survival?-is a chemical process whereby plants and algae that contain chlorophyll capture radiant energy from the sun, and use carbon dioxide and water from the environment to then convert the sunlight to food (glucose), while at the same time creating oxygen and water as byproducts.
- Explain what is happening in this
graph with the predator – prey population. The predator population falls more than the prey population, the prey population raises more than the predators do over the years.
- What do decomposers do? Give two
examples of organisms that would be considered decomposers.-When plants and animals die decomposers (bacteria, fungi, and earthworms) come and recycle them back into the earth. or release them into the air or ocean. Decomposers also are important because they give plants there nutrients.
- Define species richness/biodiversity.
Why is biodiversity important and in what way do humans impact biodiversity?-Human activities are responsible for most of the loss in biodiversity throughout the world. With an increasing population, we are consuming more and more natural resources.. We do this by driving more, using more energy in our homes, and buying many more products than we need.
Cell Biology
- Define:
Chloroplasts – Organelles, Nucleolus – largest structure in eukaryote cells
Centrioles – Cell structure, Chromosomes – packaged and organized chromatin
Nucleus – Membrane-enclosed organelle, Vacuoles – Found in all plants and fungi
Cell Membrane – separates the interior of all cells, Eukaryotas – cell with a nucleus
Lysosome – membrane-bound cell, Prokaryotes – lacks a nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum – organelle in cells
Cell Wall – surrounds the cell membrane
Mitochondria – Found in many eukaryote
Golgi Bodies – Is found in most eukaryote cells
Genetics
- Define haploid and diploid. How are these terms important in meiosis?
- What is the purpose of meiosis?
- Define theory. Theory is a contemplative and rational type of abstract or generalizing thinking, or the results of such thinking
- Define observation. The data measured or collected
- Define experiment. an orderly procedure carried out with the goal of verifying, refuting, or establishing the validity of a hypothesis.
- Define hypothesis. Scientific observations